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    10/25/2009

    Great American Novel

    “伟大的美国小说”──这显然是文学研究者创造出来的一个概念──是指那些最能够反映美国作为一个国家在某一特定历史时期的精神风貌和时代特征的(长篇)小说。出国之前不管是读外国小说还是看外国电影,难免有种隔岸观火的感觉,因为毕竟没有在那些环境里生活的体验。在美国的时间越久,看美国电影,特别是现实主义电影,就越觉得熟悉,越觉得身临其境。到了纽约这座几乎每个角落都被拍过的城市(overexposed but underexplored--according to a recent movie review),这种感觉就更强烈。

    经过法学院一年多的学习,特别是1L下学期的宪法课之后,对美国两百多年的历史算是有了一个比较系统的掌握;加上美国比较注意对“古迹”的保存,在各地旅行时也往往能“亲历历史”,了解不少掌故。日复一日的学习和生活中,很多的历史事件变得活灵活现起来,不再是书本上的概念;很多人物也变得有血有肉,不再是冷冰冰的雕刻或画像。

    在这个影视称霸媒体的年代,人们通常不太有心境和机会来读大部头小说──特别是那些几十年甚至上百年前的小说。但是,即便有时代的隔膜,那些经过沉淀的感受和细致入微的描摹依然有着让人难以抗拒的魔力。所以有一天,我突然想以自己对美国文学的浅薄了解,评一评哪些小说最称得上“伟大的美国小说”。我比较倾向于下面这十六部:

    Harper Lee (1926- )
    "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1960)

    Joseph Heller (1923-1999)
    "Catch-22" (1961)

    Jack Kerouac (1922-1969)
    "On the Road" (1957)

    J.D. Salinger (1919- )
    "The Catcher in the Rye" (1951)

    John Steinbeck (1902-1968)
    "The Grapes of Wrath" (1939)

    Margaret Mitchell (1900-1949)
    "Gone with the Wind" (1936)

    Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
    "The Sun Also Rises" (1926)

    William Faulkner (1897-1962)
    "The Sound and the Fury" (1929)

    F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
    "The Great Gatsby" (1925)

    Jack London (1876-1916)
    "Martin Eden" (1909)

    Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)
    "An American Tragedy" (1925)

    Edith Wharton (1862-1937)
    "The Age of Innocence" (1920)

    Mark Twain (1835-1910)
    "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884)

    Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)
    "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1853)

    Herman Melville (1819-1891)
    "Moby-Dick" (1851)

    Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
    "The Scarlet Letter" (1850)

    几点注释:

    1. 我从没有系统学过文艺理论,所以这纯粹是一个外行兼读者的自娱自乐;

    2. 这十六部小说都出版于1850-1961这111年间,应该说是一个比较短的历史时期。美国建国于1776年,开始的这七八十年其民族精神、特质如同其疆域一般还很不稳定,所以太早的文学作品也难有代表性的价值。而1960年代之后,电影工业蓬勃发展,技术日新月异,盈利前景可观,可能也促使很多最有才华的人弃小说而写剧本。

    3. 上一次在北京是2007年的6月,参加本科四位室友的硕士毕业典礼。中间得空去了趟中关村图书大厦就买了本霍桑的《红字》。至今还记得在炎炎夏日躺在晓平好心让给我睡的上铺一边狂吹电风扇一边读《红字》──也恰好是这十六部小说中最早的一本──当然,就像我读过的其他一些长篇小说一样,至今也没有读完。

    4. 本来想加上马里奥·普佐(1920-1999)的《教父》──大学时候有一天在清华紫荆公寓某楼里捡到的英文原著,装帧还比较新──装模做样地在床头陈列了若干年,博得宿舍参访者的若干青睐与赞许,其实压根儿没翻过几页──这本小说出版于1965年,如果加上将是我这个单子里最晚出版的一本小说。但它的问题在于,电影的名气大大盖过了小说,这也符合我在前面提出的猜想。我不太清楚原著的文学价值,所以没有列出。

    5. 我列了德莱赛的《美国的悲剧》,主要因为这是中国的中学教科书上一般会提到的一本“有代表性”的美国小说。但我在网上搜索得出的印象是这本书在美国并不是特别重要,似乎与《麦田里的守望者》这样的作品完全不在一个重量级上(我很可能是错的,请指正)。所以我有点怀疑这本书在中国教科书上的显著地位是不是部分出于政治需要(“批判美国资本主义的腐朽性和虚伪性”);另一个可能的解释是文化差异和历史偶然:同一部西方作品在中国影响力巨大而在其发源国评价并不突出的经典例子,远有《魂断蓝桥》(Waterloo Bridge, 1940, starring Vivien Leigh),近有(可能是“子虚乌有”的)班得瑞乐团。

    6. 这十六部小说中最难懂的可能是“意识流”的代表作、福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》。杜克大学法学院前院长Paul D. Carrington在其回忆性长文"Duke Law in China: A Remembrance"中,提到杜克法学院招收的第一名中国JD学生(因此也很可能是美国法学院在1949年后从中国大陆招收的第一个JD学生),缘起于他1980年12月从中国收到的一封信:

    It was perhaps in December that I received a stunning letter from Shi Xi-min, then in China. To get a letter from China was itself an astounding event. No one born after 1960 can today imagine the degree of isolation of China, especially in its disconnection from America. Xi-min wanted to study law in the United States. The quality of his English was such that I was confident some American had written his letter, and he did acknowledge the help of a graduate of Wellesley College. He identified himself as a worker with the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, and a recent graduate of the University of International Business and Economics. But he also described his life as the son of an air force general who had himself served in the military as a helicopter pilot. And he had also been in prison twice during the Cultural Revolution. Once as his father’s son, and once on his own account. He was married to a woman who was on military duty in Tibet. All this was interesting, but what blew my mind was his claim to have translated into Mandarin two novels by William Faulkner, one of which (Absolom, Absolom) I had read and found to be absolutely incomprehensible. I much desired to meet such a person.

    把这位Shi Xi-min同学从中国弄到美国在当时很难──Carrington院长甚至请了杜克法学院校友、前总统尼克松出面才打通关节。Carrington院长的这篇长文中蕴含了有关改革开放后中美早期法律交流的非常丰富而珍贵的信息,我自从一年半前读到后一直想专文推荐(可能零星地推荐过几次,记不清了)。这位Shi同学后来如何我不太清楚,不过在他之后的Carrington招的第二位JD学生高西庆,就无需我多介绍了。

    7. 非常希望在有生之年把这十六部小说都读一遍──哪怕是囫囵吞枣一遍也好──好对我跟美国这段短则六年长则N年的缘分有个交待。不过根据我的习性,似乎可能性不大。不过谁知道呢,只要活得够长,什么事情都有可能发生(言下之意是,说不定我也能写出点什么来呢…haha, shameless nature at work again.)


    Comments (22)

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    Zhanwrote:
    based on criteria mentioned at the very beginning and sifted through plot synopses, author biographies, literature commentaries and personal impression. of course, this is more of a prima facie than a well-baked product. any suggestions to make the list better are more than welcome! :-)
    Oct. 27
    Ranying Weiwrote:
    没读完那咋选的。。。
    Oct. 26
    我觉得就这样随便写写挺好,等老了再综合一下就成专著了嘛哈哈。书评我是完全不能写的,太难了,还是看片儿去了= =
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    正因为没全读过才敢附庸文雅,所谓无知者无畏:)读过的话会因为感受太丰富而觉得非写专著一本而不能尽抒胸臆,自然不会诉诸博客这种小把戏了…

    套用Professor Squire的口头禅,本文亦可题为“Cocktail Party 101之Great American Novel篇”
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    标准就是开头说的“那些最能够反映美国作为一个国家在某一特定历史时期的精神风貌和时代特征的(长篇)小说”,当然这不是一个精确的标准…另外就是说一眼看去这十六部小说大约文学价值和地位大致相当,能够代表各个不同的历史时期。你觉得有没有明显不搭调或者明显的遗漏?

    good point. it's good that Edith and Margaret are very different -- we value diversity! (as law firms like to claim)

    另外我觉得比较有趣的一个视角就是看作家和作品的地理/区域代表性。我没有详细考察,但just off the top of my head比较明显的纽约派系是Edith Wharton和Salinger, 其个人生活经历和代表作都以纽约为背景;另外这十六部作品也包含一个比较强大的南方作家派系──比较显著的有Mark Twain, William Faulkner, Harper Lee。另外似乎还包含了一个以Jack London为代表的加州派系。
    Oct. 26
    此外吐个槽,Edith跟Margaret还是蛮不一样的,她应不算一鸣惊人吧。Edith写了不下20部小说,且至少The House of Mirth的影响力应是不下于纯真年代的。
    Oct. 26
    列入的标准是啥呢。。我以为你都看了= =
    Oct. 26
    俺是糟蹋文学女青年,更不是专家,还稀里糊涂的,大家千万不要被误导~~~~
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    其实专家也有百密一疏的时候:这个表中的女作家不是2个,而是4个:

    Harriet Beecher Stowe, Edith Wharton, Margaret Mitchell, Harper Lee

    不过确实其中只有Edith和Margaret是比较常见的女名。
    Oct. 26
    帮妳wrote:
    看到专家的留言了,很激动。下次有见到专家本人的机会麻烦你吱一声。
    Oct. 26
    TAO ZENGwrote:
    我在法哥那里借到过《教父》,只有手掌大小,虽然看起来比较费劲,但是故事还是挺有意思。如果算上影视作品的影响力,估计能挤进你的排名。
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    Jinjing: intrigue? when did you become a witch?... you have to be able to turn the physical PAGES in order to call it a real book..

    Yi: wow, 请容许我再度表达一下对文艺女青年的仰慕之情…如果你指望我写出点像样的东西的话,那么就让生活对我残忍一点、再残忍一点。。哈哈还是不要了吧。。另外你知道我一直有archaeologist的倾向,所以当世的四巨头自然是一个也不熟&¥#@

    bonnie: 专家来了,快出来看专家!~~
    Oct. 26
    Jinjingwrote:
    I will intrigue you to buy one when I visit NYC again...It is almost the same as reading a printed book...
    Oct. 26
    我看过六本半--《飘》看的是中译本所以算半本。有几本拿起来没看下去,以后再说。
    惊叹一下:Salinger已经90了!麦田里的老守望者!
    上面表里只有两个女作家,又都只写过一部小说,一鸣惊人,然后销声匿迹。--纯属巧合?
    表达一下我对Steinbeck, Fitzgerald和Mark Twain的无限热爱!对Melville的感情在逐步增加,也许看过Moby Dick就会爱上他?
    再表达一下我对展同学的无限信心--我先预约一下签名版~~~

    上面列的是老前辈,说说当代美国文坛四大巨头(活着并还在写) :
    Thomas Pynchon:他的"Gravity's Rainbow"也被评论家列入美国大小说的行列;
    Philip Roth:这家伙创作精力特别旺盛,量多质高,拿奖拿到手软,我打算明年毕业前读“American Pastoral“ ;
    Cormac McCarthy: 写过“No Country for Old Man“,计划毕业前看“The Road”;
    Don Delillo: 06年纽约时报的“过去25年来美国最伟大小说“的评选中票选第二的就是“Underworld”。得第一的是“Beloved”,奴隶制题材,呵呵。
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    看电子书永远都没有纸质书的感觉…
    Oct. 26
    Jinjingwrote:
    恩, 蛮好的...
    我已经闹书荒很久了, 等我心仪的ebook reader device开卖了, 然后就买一个, 然后到emule上下一直想看的classic的pdf...
    实在是懒得去图书馆; 要是在国内就好了, 家里都有, 可惜在美国阿...
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    it's me...or could be u..:)
    Oct. 26
    vivien jiwrote:
    配图很有意思 :)
    Oct. 26
    Jinjingwrote:
    呵呵, 貌似你的二年级过得游刃有余阿, working zone不多见了...
    很好奇? 大家={你, drunkpiano, ?}
    Oct. 26
    Zhanwrote:
    Jinjing: 是啊很巧,我写完后才读到她那篇,写得真棒。最近大家都在搞文学,而且偏重19和20世纪早期的英美文学。

    bonnie: 你居然有一部没听过?我选的可都是家喻户晓的名著啊。。。要不怎么称得上“伟大”呢,快点偷偷告诉我你哪部没听过,我立即责成专家对你进行隔离观察、消毒扫盲。
    Oct. 26

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